1932

Abstract

Active transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm involves primarily three classes of macromolecules: substrates, adaptors, and receptors. Some transport substrates bind directly to an import or an export receptor while others require one or more adaptors to mediate formation of a receptor-substrate complex. Once assembled, these transport complexes are transferred in one direction across the nuclear envelope through aqueous channels that are part of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Dissociation of the transport complex must then take place, and both adaptors and receptors must be recycled through the NPC to allow another round of transport to occur. Directionality of either import or export therefore depends on association between a substrate and its receptor on one side of the nuclear envelope and dissociation on the other. The Ran GTPase is critical in generating this asymmetry. Regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport generally involves specific inhibition of the formation of a transport complex; however, more global forms of regulation also occur.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
1998-07-01
2024-06-14
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/biochem/67/1/annurev.biochem.67.1.265.html?itemId=/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Literature Cited

  1. Görlich D, Mattaj IW. 1996. Science 271:1513–18 [Google Scholar]
  2. Wilson KL, Wiese C. 1996. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 7:487–96 [Google Scholar]
  3. Reichelt R, Holzenburg A, Buhle EL Jr, Jarnik M, Engel A, Aebi U. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:883–94 [Google Scholar]
  4. Rout MP, Blobel G. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:771–83 [Google Scholar]
  5. Daneholt B. 1997. Cell 88:585–88 [Google Scholar]
  6. Feldherr CM, Kallenbach E, Schultz N. 1984. J. Cell Biol. 99:2216–22 [Google Scholar]
  7. Forbes DJ. 1992. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8:495–527 [Google Scholar]
  8. Davis LI. 1995. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64:865–96 [Google Scholar]
  9. Panté N, Aebi U. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 122:977–84 [Google Scholar]
  10. Doye V, Hurt E. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:401–11 [Google Scholar]
  11. Rout MP, Wente SR. 1994. Trends Cell Biol. 4:357–65 [Google Scholar]
  12. Macaulay C, Forbes DJ. 1996. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 7:475–86 [Google Scholar]
  13. Ohno M, Fornerod M, Mattaj IW. 1998. Cell. 92:327–36 [Google Scholar]
  14. Dingwall C, Laskey RA. 1986. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 2:367–90 [Google Scholar]
  15. Michael WM, Choi M, Dreyfuss G. 1995. Cell 83:415–22 [Google Scholar]
  16. Shulga N, Roberts P, Gu ZY, Spitz L, Tabb MM. et al. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:329–39 [Google Scholar]
  17. Bonner WM. 1975. J. Cell Biol. 64:421–30 [Google Scholar]
  18. De Robertis EM, Longthorne RF, Gurdon JB. 1978. Nature 272:254–56 [Google Scholar]
  19. Dingwall C, Sharnick SV, Laskey RA. 1982. Cell 30:449–58 [Google Scholar]
  20. Kalderon D, Roberts BL, Richardson WD, Smith AE. 1984. Cell 39:499–509 [Google Scholar]
  21. Robbins J, Dilworth SM, Laskey RA, Dingwall C. 1991. Cell 64:615–23 [Google Scholar]
  22. Goldfarb DS, Gariepy J, Schoolnik G, Kornberg RD. 1986. Nature 322:641–44 [Google Scholar]
  23. Zasloff M. 1983. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:6436–40 [Google Scholar]
  24. Newmeyer DD, Lucocq JM, Burglin TR, De Robertis EM. 1986. EMBO J. 5:501–10 [Google Scholar]
  25. Michaud N, Goldfarb DS. 1993. Exp. Cell Res. 208:128–36 [Google Scholar]
  26. Michaud N, Goldfarb DS. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 112:215–23 [Google Scholar]
  27. Mattaj IW. 1988. In Structure and Function of Major and Minor Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Particles, ed. ML Birnstiel 100–14 Berlin: Springer-Verlag
  28. Fischer U, Darzynkiewicz E, Tahara SM, Dathan NA, Lührmann R, Mattaj IW. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:705–14 [Google Scholar]
  29. Pruschy M, Ju Y, Spitz L, Carafoli E, Goldfarb DS. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1527–36 [Google Scholar]
  30. Powers MA, Forbes DJ. 1994. Cell 79:931–34 [Google Scholar]
  31. Newmeyer DD, Finlay DR, Forbes DJ. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2091–102 [Google Scholar]
  32. Adam SA, Marr RS, Gerace L. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:807–16 [Google Scholar]
  33. Adam SA, Lobl TJ, Mitchell MA, Gerace L. 1989. Nature 337:276–79 [Google Scholar]
  34. Adam SA, Gerace L. 1991. Cell 66:837–47 [Google Scholar]
  35. Adam EJH, Adam SA. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 125:547–55 [Google Scholar]
  36. Görlich D, Prehn S, Laskey RA, Hartmann E. 1994. Cell 79:767–78 [Google Scholar]
  37. Yano R, Oakes M, Yamaghishi M, Dodd JA, Nomura M. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:5640–51 [Google Scholar]
  38. Enenkel C, Blobel G, Rexach M. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:16499–502 [Google Scholar]
  39. Imamoto N, Shimamoto T, Takao T, Tachibana T, Kose S. et al. 1995. EMBO J. 14:3617–26 [Google Scholar]
  40. Moroianu J, Blobel G, Radu A. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:2008–11 [Google Scholar]
  41. Weis K, Mattaj IW, Lamond AI. 1995. Science 268:1049–53 [Google Scholar]
  42. Török I, Strand D, Schmitt R, Tick G, Török T. et al. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1473–89 [Google Scholar]
  43. Küssel P, Frasch M. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1491–1507 [Google Scholar]
  44. Nigg EA. 1997. Nature 386:779–87 [Google Scholar]
  45. Görlich D, Kostka S, Kraft R, Dingwall C, Laskey RA. et al. 1995. Curr. Biol. 5:383–92 [Google Scholar]
  46. Imamoto N, Shimamoto T, Kose S, Takao T, Tachibana T. et al. 1995. FEBS Lett. 368:415–19 [Google Scholar]
  47. Radu A, Blobel G, Moore MS. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:1769–73 [Google Scholar]
  48. Chi NC, Adam EJ, Adam SA. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:265–74 [Google Scholar]
  49. Richardson WD, Mills AD, Dilworth SM, Laskey RA, Dingwall C. 1988. Cell 52:655–64 [Google Scholar]
  50. Newmeyer DD, Forbes DJ. 1988. Cell 52:641–53 [Google Scholar]
  51. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1992. Cell 69:939–50 [Google Scholar]
  52. Görlich D, Vogel F, Mills AD, Hartmann E, Laskey RA. 1995. Nature 377:246–48 [Google Scholar]
  53. Moroianu J, Hijikata M, Blobel G, Radu A. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:6532–36 [Google Scholar]
  54. Görlich D, Henklein P, Laskey RA, Hartmann E. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1810–17 [Google Scholar]
  55. Weis K, Ryder U, Lamond A. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1818–25 [Google Scholar]
  56. Darnell JE Jr. 1996. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 51:391–403 [Google Scholar]
  57. Ihle JN. 1996. Cell 34:331–43 [Google Scholar]
  58. Adam SA, Adam EJH, Chi NC, Visser GD. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:687–94 [Google Scholar]
  59. Sekimoto T, Imamoto N, Nakajima K, Hirano T, Yoneda Y. 1997. EMBO J. 16:7067–77 [Google Scholar]
  60. Lührmann R, Kastner B, Bach M. 1990. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1087:265–92 [Google Scholar]
  61. Liu Q, Fischer U, Wang F, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Cell 90:1013–22 [Google Scholar]
  62. Fischer U, Liu Q, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Cell 90:1023–30 [Google Scholar]
  63. Mattaj IW, De Robertis EM. 1985. Cell 40:111–18 [Google Scholar]
  64. Mattaj IW. 1986. Cell 46:905–11 [Google Scholar]
  65. Hamm J, Darzynkiewicz E, Tahara SM, Mattaj IW. 1990. Cell 62:569–77 [Google Scholar]
  66. Fischer U, Lührmann R. 1990. Science 249:786–90 [Google Scholar]
  67. Fischer U, Sumpter V, Sekine M, Satoh T, Lührmann R. 1993. EMBO J. 12:573–83 [Google Scholar]
  68. Palacios I, Hetzer M, Adam SA, Mattaj IW. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6783–92 [Google Scholar]
  69. Deleted in proof
  70. Fornerod M, van Deursen J, van Baal S, Reynolds A, Davis D. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:807–16 [Google Scholar]
  71. Görlich D, Dabrowski M, Bischoff FR, Kutay U, Bork P. et al. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:65–80 [Google Scholar]
  72. Pollard VW, Michael WM, Nakielny S, Siomi MC, Wang F, Dreyfuss G. 1996. Cell 86:985–94 [Google Scholar]
  73. Fridell RA, Truant R, Thorne L, Benson RE, Cullen BR. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:1325–31 [Google Scholar]
  74. Siomi H, Dreyfuss G. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:551–60 [Google Scholar]
  75. Weighardt F, Biamonti G, Riva S. 1995. J. Cell Sci. 108:545–55 [Google Scholar]
  76. Aitchison JD, Blobel G, Rout MP. 1996. Science 274:624–27 [Google Scholar]
  77. Nakielny S, Siomi MC, Siomi H, Michael WM, Pollard V, Dreyfuss G. 1996. Exp. Cell Res. 229:261–66 [Google Scholar]
  78. Siomi MC, Eder PS, Kataoka N, Wan L, Liu Q, Dreyfuss G. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:1–12 [Google Scholar]
  79. Michael WM, Eder PS, Dreyfuss G. 1997. EMBO J. 16:3587–98 [Google Scholar]
  80. Kambach C, Mattaj IW. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:11–21 [Google Scholar]
  81. Moreland RB, Nam HG, Hereford LM, Fried HM. 1985. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6561–65 [Google Scholar]
  82. Schaap PJ, van't Riet J, Woldringh CL, Raue HA. 1991. J. Mol. Biol. 221:225–37 [Google Scholar]
  83. Schmidt C, Lipsius E, Kruppa J. 1995. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1875–85 [Google Scholar]
  84. Quaye IK, Toku S, Tanaka T. 1996. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 69:151–55 [Google Scholar]
  85. Russo G, Ricciardelli G, Pietropaolo C. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:5229–35 [Google Scholar]
  86. Underwood MR, Fried HM. 1990. EMBO J. 9:91–99 [Google Scholar]
  87. Nehrbass U, Fabre E, Dihlmann S, Herth W, Hurt EC. 1993. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 62:1–12 [Google Scholar]
  88. Rout MP, Blobel G, Aitchison JD. 1997. Cell 89:715–25 [Google Scholar]
  89. Schlenstedt G, Smirnova E, Deane R, Solsbacher J, Kutay U. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6237–49 [Google Scholar]
  90. Panté N, Aebi U. 1996. Science 273:1729–32 [Google Scholar]
  91. Akey CW, Goldfarb DS. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:971–82 [Google Scholar]
  92. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1993. Nature 365:661–63 [Google Scholar]
  93. Melchior F, Paschal B, Evans E, Gerace L. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:1649–59 [Google Scholar]
  94. Corbett AH, Koepp DM, Schlenstedt G, Lee MS, Hopper AK, Silver PA. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:1017–26 [Google Scholar]
  95. Schlenstedt G, Saavedra C, Loeb JDJ, Cole CN, Silver PA. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:225–29 [Google Scholar]
  96. Palacios I, Weis K, Klebe C, Mattaj IW, Dingwall C. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:485–94 [Google Scholar]
  97. Richards SA, Carey KL, Macara IG. 1997. Science 276:1842–44 [Google Scholar]
  98. Izaurralde E, Kutay U, von Kobbe C, Mattaj IW, Görlich D. 1997. EMBO J. 16:6535–47 [Google Scholar]
  99. Koepp DM, Silver PA. 1996. Cell 87:1–4 [Google Scholar]
  100. Görlich D. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:412–19 [Google Scholar]
  101. Ohtsubo M, Okazaki H, Nishimoto T. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:1389–97 [Google Scholar]
  102. Weis K, Dingwall C, Lamond AI. 1996. EMBO J. 15:7120–28 [Google Scholar]
  103. Görlich D, Panté N, Kutay U, Aebi U, Bischoff FR. 1996. EMBO J. 15:5584–94 [Google Scholar]
  104. Rexach M, Blobel G. 1995. Cell 83:683–92 [Google Scholar]
  105. Chi NC, Adam EJH, Visser GD, Adam SA. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:559–69 [Google Scholar]
  106. Chi NC, Adam EJH, Adam SA. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:6818–22 [Google Scholar]
  107. Deleted in proof
  108. Lounsbury KM, Macara IG. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:551–55 [Google Scholar]
  109. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:701–5 [Google Scholar]
  110. Carey KL, Richards SA, Lounsbury KM, Macara IG. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:985–96 [Google Scholar]
  111. Sweet DJ, Gerace L. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:971–83 [Google Scholar]
  112. Nakashima N, Hayashi N, Noguchi E, Nishimoto T. 1996. J. Cell Sci. 109:2311–18 [Google Scholar]
  113. Moore MS, Blobel G. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:10212–16 [Google Scholar]
  114. Paschal BM, Gerace L. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:925–37 [Google Scholar]
  115. Nehrbass U, Blobel G. 1996. Science 272:120–22 [Google Scholar]
  116. Corbett AH, Silver PA. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271:18477–84 [Google Scholar]
  117. Paschal BM, Fritze C, Guan T, Gerace L. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:21534–39 [Google Scholar]
  118. Wong DH, Corbett AH, Kent HM, Stewart M, Silver PA. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:3755–67 [Google Scholar]
  119. Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Stewart M. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 263:517–24 [Google Scholar]
  120. Paschal BM, Delphin C, Gerace L. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:7679–83 [Google Scholar]
  121. Bischoff FR, Krebber H, Smirnova E, Dong WH, Ponstingl H. 1995. EMBO J. 14:705–15 [Google Scholar]
  122. Lounsbury KM, Beddow AL, Macara IG. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:11285–90 [Google Scholar]
  123. Chi NC, Adam SA. 1997. Mol. Biol. Cell 8:945–56 [Google Scholar]
  124. Richards SA, Lounsbury KM, Carey KL, Macara IG. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1157–68 [Google Scholar]
  125. Zolotukhin AS, Felber BK. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:11356–60 [Google Scholar]
  126. Taura T, Schlenstedt G, Silver PA. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:31877–84 [Google Scholar]
  127. Yokoyama N, Hayashi N, Seki T, Pante N, Ohba T. et al. 1995. Nature 376:184–88 [Google Scholar]
  128. Wu J, Matunis MJ, Kraemer D, Blobel G, Coutavas E. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:14209–13 [Google Scholar]
  129. Matunis MJ, Coutavas E, Blobel G. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 135:1457–70 [Google Scholar]
  130. Mahajan R, Delphin C, Guan T, Gerace L, Melchior F. 1997. Cell 88:97–107 [Google Scholar]
  131. Saitoh H, Pu R, Cavenagh M, Dasso M. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:3736–41 [Google Scholar]
  132. Loeb JD, Davis LI, Fink GR. 1993. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:209–22 [Google Scholar]
  133. Dingwall C, Kandels-Lewis S, Sérpahin B. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:7525–29 [Google Scholar]
  134. Noguchi E, Hayashi N, Nakashima N, Nishimoto T. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 2235–46 [Google Scholar]
  135. Imamoto N, Matsuoka Y, Kurihara T, Kohno K, Miyagi M. et al. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 119:1047–61 [Google Scholar]
  136. Shi Y, Thomas JO. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:2186–92 [Google Scholar]
  137. Yang J, DeFranco DB. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:5088–98 [Google Scholar]
  138. Franke WW, Scheer U. 1974. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 28:249–82 [Google Scholar]
  139. Mehlin H, Daneholt B. 1993. Trends Cell Biol. 3:443–47 [Google Scholar]
  140. Mehlin H, Daneholt B, Skoglund U. 1992. Cell 69:605–13 [Google Scholar]
  141. Mehlin H, Daneholt B, Skoglund U. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 129:1205–16 [Google Scholar]
  142. Manley JL, Tacke R. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1569–79 [Google Scholar]
  143. Zahler AM, Lane WS, Stolk JA, Roth MB. 1992. Genes Dev. 6:837–47 [Google Scholar]
  144. Cáceres JF, Misteli T, Screaton GR, Spector DL, Krainer AR. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 138:225–38 [Google Scholar]
  145. Kiseleva E, Wurtz T, Visa N, Daneholt B. 1994. EMBO J. 13:6052–61 [Google Scholar]
  146. Visa N, Alzhanova-Ericsson AT, Sun X, Kiseleva E, Björkroth B. et al. 1996. Cell 84:253–64 [Google Scholar]
  147. Visa N, Izaurralde E, Ferreira J, Daneholt B, Mattaj IW. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 133:5–14 [Google Scholar]
  148. Alzhanova-Ericsson AT, Sun X, Visa N, Kiseleva E, Wurtz T, Daneholt B. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:2881–93 [Google Scholar]
  149. Vankan P, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1990. EMBO J. 9:3397–404 [Google Scholar]
  150. Terns MP, Dahlberg JE. 1994. Science 264:959–61 [Google Scholar]
  151. Terns MP, Grimm C, Lund E, Dahlberg JE. 1995. EMBO J. 14:4860–71 [Google Scholar]
  152. Boelens WC, Palacios I, Mattaj IW. 1995. RNA 1:273–83 [Google Scholar]
  153. Legrain P, Rosbash M. 1989. Cell 57:573–83 [Google Scholar]
  154. Chang DD, Sharp PA. 1989. Cell 59:789–95 [Google Scholar]
  155. Hamm J, Mattaj IW. 1990. Cell 63:109–18 [Google Scholar]
  156. Ohno M, Shimura Y. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:997–1007 [Google Scholar]
  157. Dreyfuss G, Matunis MJ, Piñol-Roma S, Burd CG. 1993. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:289–321 [Google Scholar]
  158. Nakagawa TY, Swanson MS, Wold BJ, Dreyfuss G. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:2007–11 [Google Scholar]
  159. Nakielny S, Dreyfuss G. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 134:1365–73 [Google Scholar]
  160. Dobbelstein M, Roth J, Kimberly WT, Levine AJ, Shenk T. 1997. EMBO J. 16:4276–84 [Google Scholar]
  161. Bataillé N, Helser T, Fried HM. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:1571–82 [Google Scholar]
  162. Jarmolowski A, Boelens WC, Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 124:627–35 [Google Scholar]
  163. Pokrywka NJ, Goldfarb DS. 1995. J. Biol. Chem. 270:3619–24 [Google Scholar]
  164. Izaurralde E, Stepinski J, Darzynkiewicz E, Mattaj IW. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:1287–95 [Google Scholar]
  165. Terns MP, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1993. Genes Dev. 7:1898–908 [Google Scholar]
  166. Saavedra C, Tung KS, Amberg DC, Hopper AK, Cole CN. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1608–20 [Google Scholar]
  167. Eckner R, Ellmeier W, Birnstiel ML. 1991. EMBO J. 10:3513–22 [Google Scholar]
  168. Cullen BR, Malim MH. 1991. Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:346–50 [Google Scholar]
  169. Hammarskjöld ML. 1997. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:83–90 [Google Scholar]
  170. Bray M, Prasad S, Dubay JW, Hunter E, Jeang KT. et al. 1994. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1256–60 [Google Scholar]
  171. Ogert RA, Lee LH, Beemon KL. 1996. J. Virol. 70:3834–43 [Google Scholar]
  172. Tabernero C, Zolotukhin AS, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. 1996. J. Virol. 70:5998–6011 [Google Scholar]
  173. Saavedra C, Felber B, Izaurralde E. 1997. Curr. Biol. 7:619–28 [Google Scholar]
  174. Pasquinelli AE, Ernst RK, Lund E, Grimm C, Zapp ML. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:7500–10 [Google Scholar]
  175. Tang H, Gaietta GM, Fischer WH, Ellisman MH, Wong-Staal F. 1997. Science 276:1412–15 [Google Scholar]
  176. Malim MH, Hauber J, Le SY, Maizel JV, Cullen BR. 1989. Nature 338:254–57 [Google Scholar]
  177. Zapp ML, Green MR. 1989. Nature 342:714–16 [Google Scholar]
  178. Fischer U, Meyer S, Teufel M, Heckel C, Lührmann R, Rautmann G. 1994. EMBO J. 13:4105–12 [Google Scholar]
  179. Tan RY, Chen L, Buettner JA, Hudson D, Frankel AD. 1993. Cell 73:1031–40 [Google Scholar]
  180. Malim MH, Bohnlein S, Hauber J, Cullen BR. 1989. Cell 58:205–14 [Google Scholar]
  181. Malim MH, McCarn DF, Tiley LS, Cullen BR. 1991. J. Virol. 65:4248–54 [Google Scholar]
  182. Fischer U, Huber J, Boelens WC, Mattaj IW, Lührmann R. 1995. Cell 82:475–83 [Google Scholar]
  183. Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Tsien RY, Taylor SS. 1995. Cell 82:463–73 [Google Scholar]
  184. Nigg EA, Hilz H, Eppenberger HM, Dutly F. 1985. EMBO J. 4:2801–6 [Google Scholar]
  185. Harootunian AT, Adams SR, Wen W, Meinkoth JL, Taylor SS, Tsien RY. 1993. Mol. Biol. Cell 4:993–1002 [Google Scholar]
  186. Pines J, Hunter T. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:1–17 [Google Scholar]
  187. Guddat U, Bakken AH, Pieler T. 1990. Cell 60:619–28 [Google Scholar]
  188. Fridell RA, Fischer U, Lührmann R, Meyer BE, Meinkoth JL. et al. 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2936–40 [Google Scholar]
  189. Murphy R, Wente SR. 1996. Nature 383:357–60 [Google Scholar]
  190. Del Priore V, Snay CA, Bahr A, Cole CN. 1996. Mol. Biol. Cell 7:1601–21 [Google Scholar]
  191. Segref A, Sharma K, Doye V, Hellwig A, Huber J. et al. 1997. EMBO J. 16:3256–71 [Google Scholar]
  192. Amberg DC, Goldstein AL, Cole CN. 1992. Genes Dev. 6:1173–89 [Google Scholar]
  193. Kadowaki T, Zhao YM, Tartakoff AM. 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2312–16 [Google Scholar]
  194. Kadowaki T, Chen S, Hitomi M, Jacobs E, Kumagai C. et al. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:649–59 [Google Scholar]
  195. Nakielny S, Dreyfuss G. 1997. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 9:420–29 [Google Scholar]
  196. Piñol-Roma S, Dreyfuss G. 1991. Science 253:312–14 [Google Scholar]
  197. Piñol-Roma S, Dreyfuss G. 1992. Nature 355:730–32 [Google Scholar]
  198. Michael WM, Siomi H, Choi M, Piñol-Roma S, Nakielny S. et al. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:663–68 [Google Scholar]
  199. Izaurralde E, Jarmolowski A, Beisel C, Mattaj IW, Dreyfuss G. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 137:27–35 [Google Scholar]
  200. Matunis EL, Matunis MJ, Dreyfuss G. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 121:219–28 [Google Scholar]
  201. Bennett M, Piñol-Roma S, Staknis D, Dreyfuss G, Reed R. 1992. Mol. Cell Biol. 12:3165–75 [Google Scholar]
  202. Wilson SM, Datar KV, Paddy MR, Swedlow JR, Swanson MS. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 127:1173–84 [Google Scholar]
  203. Russell I, Tollervey D. 1995. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 66:293–301 [Google Scholar]
  204. Flach J, Bossie M, Vogel J, Corbett A, Jinks T. et al. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:8399–407 [Google Scholar]
  205. Singleton DR, Chen SP, Hitomi M, Kumagai C, Tartakoff AM. 1995. J. Cell Sci. 108:265–72 [Google Scholar]
  206. Anderson JT, Wilson SM, Datar KV, Swanson MS. 1993. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:2730–41 [Google Scholar]
  207. Henry M, Borland CZ, Bossie M, Silver PA. 1996. Genetics 142:103–15 [Google Scholar]
  208. Lee MS, Henry M, Silver PA. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1233–46 [Google Scholar]
  209. Bossie MA, DeHoratius C, Barcelo G, Silver P. 1992. Mol. Biol. Cell 3:875–93 [Google Scholar]
  210. Powers MA, Douglass JF, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 136:241–50 [Google Scholar]
  211. Cheng Y, Dahlberg JE, Lund E. 1995. Science 267:1807–10 [Google Scholar]
  212. Simos G, Tekotte H, Grosjean H, Segref A, Sharma K. et al. 1996. EMBO J. 15:2270–84 [Google Scholar]
  213. Hopper AK, Schultz LD. 1980. Cell 19:741–51 [Google Scholar]
  214. Ohno M, Kataoka N, Shimura Y. 1990. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6989–95 [Google Scholar]
  215. Izaurralde E, Lewis J, McGuigan C, Jankowska M, Darzynkiewicz E, Mattaj IW. 1994. Cell 78:657–68 [Google Scholar]
  216. Izaurralde E, Lewis J, Gamberi C, Jarmolowski A, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1995. Nature 376:709–12 [Google Scholar]
  217. Kataoka N, Ohno M, Kangawa K, Tokoro Y, Shimura Y. 1994. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:3861–65 [Google Scholar]
  218. Kataoka N, Ohno M, Moda I, Shimura Y. 1995. Nucleic Acids Res. 23:3638–41 [Google Scholar]
  219. Lewis JD, Izaurralde E, Jarmolowski A, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1683–98 [Google Scholar]
  220. Flaherty SM, Fortes P, Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW, Gilmartin GM. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:11893–98 [Google Scholar]
  221. Görlich D, Kraft R, Kostka S, Vogel F, Hartmann E. et al. 1996. Cell 87:21–32 [Google Scholar]
  222. Colot HV, Stutz F, Rosbash M. 1996. Genes Dev. 10:1699–708 [Google Scholar]
  223. Lewis JD, Görlich D, Mattaj IW. 1996. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:3332–36 [Google Scholar]
  224. Xiao ZX, McGrew JT, Schroeder AJ, Fitzgerald-Hayes M. 1993. Mol. Cell Biol. 13:4691–702 [Google Scholar]
  225. Brinkmann U, Brinkmann E, Gallo M, Pastan I. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10427–31 [Google Scholar]
  226. Adachi Y, Yanagida M. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1195–207 [Google Scholar]
  227. Kutay U, Bischoff FR, Kostka S, Kraft R, Görlich D. 1997. Cell 90:1061–71 [Google Scholar]
  228. Fornerod M, Ohno M, Yoshida M, Mattaj IW. 1997. Cell 90:1051–60 [Google Scholar]
  229. Fukuda M, Asano S, Nakamura T, Adachi M, Yoshida M. et al. 1997. Nature 390:308–11 [Google Scholar]
  230. Stade K, Ford CS, Guthrie C, Weis K. 1997. Cell 90:1041–50 [Google Scholar]
  231. Hamamoto T, Gunji S, Tsuji H, Beppu T. 1983. J. Antibiot. 36:639–45 [Google Scholar]
  232. Nishi K, Yoshida M, Fujiwara D, Nishikawa M, Horinouchi S, Beppu T. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:6320–24 [Google Scholar]
  233. Wolff B, Sanglier JJ, Wang Y. 1997. Chem. Biol. 4:139–47 [Google Scholar]
  234. Kutay U, Izaurralde E, Bischoff FR, Mattaj IW, Görlich D. 1997. EMBO J. 16:1153–63 [Google Scholar]
  235. Neville M, Lee L, Stutz F, Davis LI, Rosbash M. 1997. Curr. Biol. 7:767–75 [Google Scholar]
  236. Ruhl M, Himmelspach M, Bahr GM, Hammerschmid F, Jaksche H. et al. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 123:1309–20 [Google Scholar]
  237. Bevec D, Jaksche H, Oft M, Wöhl T, Himmelspach M. et al. 1996. Science 271:1858–60 [Google Scholar]
  238. Stutz F, Neville M, Rosbash M. 1995. Cell 82:495–506 [Google Scholar]
  239. Bogerd HP, Fridell RA, Madore S, Cullen BR. 1995. Cell 82:485–94 [Google Scholar]
  240. Fritz CC, Zapp ML, Green MR. 1995. Nature 376:530–33 [Google Scholar]
  241. Fornerod M, Boer J, van Baal S, Morreau H, Grosveld G. 1996. Oncogene 13:1801–8 [Google Scholar]
  242. Seedorf M, Silver PA. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:8590–95 [Google Scholar]
  243. Floer M, Blobel G, Rexach M. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:19538–46 [Google Scholar]
  244. Izaurralde E, Mattaj IW. 1995. Cell 81:153–59 [Google Scholar]
  245. Nishitani H, Ohtsubo M, Yamashita K, Iida H, Pines J. et al. 1991. EMBO J. 10:1555–64 [Google Scholar]
  246. Tachibana T, Imamoto N, Seino H, Nishimoto T, Yoneda Y. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269:24542–45 [Google Scholar]
  247. Kadowaki T, Goldfarb D, Spitz LM, Tartakoff AM, Ohno M. 1993. EMBO J. 12:1929–37 [Google Scholar]
  248. Her LS, Lund E, Dahlberg JE. 1997. Science 276:1845–48 [Google Scholar]
  249. Izaurralde E, McGuigan C, Mattaj IW. 1995. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 60:669–75 [Google Scholar]
  250. Iovine MK, Wente SR. 1997. J. Cell Biol. 137:797–811 [Google Scholar]
  251. Radu A, Moore MS, Blobel G. 1995. Cell 81:215–22 [Google Scholar]
  252. Iovine MK, Watkins JL, Wente SR. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 131:1699–713 [Google Scholar]
  253. Feldherr CM, Akin D. 1994. Int. Rev. Cytol. 151:183–228 [Google Scholar]
  254. Feldherr CM, Akin D. 1993. Exp. Cell Res. 205:179–86 [Google Scholar]
  255. Moll T, Tebb G, Surana U, Robitsch H, Nasmyth K. 1991. Cell 66:743–58 [Google Scholar]
  256. Flanagan WM, Corthésy B, Bram RJ, Crabtree GR. 1991. Nature 352:803–7 [Google Scholar]
  257. Beals CR, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Crabtree GR. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:824–34 [Google Scholar]
  258. Timmerman LA, Clipstone NA, Ho SN, Northrop JP, Crabtree GR. 1996. Nature 383:837–40 [Google Scholar]
  259. Shibasaki F, Price ER, Milan D, McKeon F. 1996. Nature 382:370–73 [Google Scholar]
  260. O'Neill EM, Kaffman A, Jolly ER, O'Shea EK. 1996. Science 271:209–12 [Google Scholar]
  261. Zandi E, Tran TNT, Chamberlain W, Parker CS. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:1299–314 [Google Scholar]
  262. Yamamoto KR. 1995. Harvey Lect. 91:1–19 [Google Scholar]
  263. Shuai K, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JE Jr. 1993. Science 261:1744–46 [Google Scholar]
  264. Shuai K, Horvath CM, Huang LHT, Qureshi SA, Cowburn D, Darnell JE Jr. 1994. Cell 76:821–28 [Google Scholar]
  265. Henkel T, Zabel U, van Zee K, Muller JM, Fanning E, Baeuerle PA. 1992. Cell 68:1121–33 [Google Scholar]
  266. Imbert V, Rupec RA, Livolsi A, Pahl HL, Traenckner EBM. et al. 1996. Cell 86:787–98 [Google Scholar]
  267. Traenckner EBM, Pahl HL, Henkel T, Schmidt KN, Wilk S, Baeuerle PA. 1995. EMBO J. 14:2876–83 [Google Scholar]
  268. Brown K, Gerstberger S, Carlson L, Franzoso G, Siebenlist U. 1995. Science 267:1485–88 [Google Scholar]
  269. Traenckner EBM, Wilk S, Baeuerle PA. 1994. EMBO J. 13:5433–41 [Google Scholar]
  270. Alkalay I, Yaron A, Hatzubai A, Orian A, Ciechanover A, Ben-Neriah Y. 1995. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10599–603 [Google Scholar]
  271. Palombella VJ, Rando OJ, Goldberg AL, Maniatis T. 1994. Cell 78:773–85 [Google Scholar]
  272. DiDonato JA, Hayakawa M, Rothwarf D, Zandi E, Karin M. 1997. Nature 388:548–54 [Google Scholar]
  273. Krug RM. 1993. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5:944–49 [Google Scholar]
  274. Showman RM, Wells DE, Anstrom J, Hursh DA, Raff RA. 1982. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5944–47 [Google Scholar]
  275. DeLeon DV, Cox KH, Angerer LM, Angerer RC. 1983. Dev. Biol. 100:197–206 [Google Scholar]
  276. Saavedra CA, Hammell CM, Heath CV, Cole CN. 1997. Genes Dev. In press [Google Scholar]
  277. Tani T, Derby RJ, Hiraoka Y, Spector DL. 1995. Mol. Biol. Cell 6:1515–34 [Google Scholar]
  278. Corbett AH, Silver PA. 1997. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61:193–211 [Google Scholar]
  279. Stutz F, Kantor J, Zhang D, McCarthy T, Neville M, Rosbash M. 1997. Genes Dev. 11:2857–68 [Google Scholar]
  280. Davis I. 1997. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:99–97 [Google Scholar]
  281. Bullock TL, Clarkson WD, Kent HM, Stewart M. 1996. J. Mol. Biol. 260:422–31 [Google Scholar]
  282. Scheffzek K, Klebe C, Fritz-Wolf K, Kabsch W, Wittinghofer A. 1995. Nature 374:378–81 [Google Scholar]
  283. Makkerh JPS, Dingwall C, Laskey RA. 1996. Curr. Biol. 6:1025–27 [Google Scholar]
  284. Schindler C, Shuai K, Prezioso VR, Darnell JE Jr. 1992. Science 257:809–13 [Google Scholar]
  285. Rudt F, Pieler T. 1996. EMBO J. 15:1383–91 [Google Scholar]
  286. Soullam B, Worman HJ. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:1093–100 [Google Scholar]
  287. Soullam B, Worman HJ. 1995. J. Cell Biol. 130:15–27 [Google Scholar]
  288. Li H, Bingham PM. 1991. Cell 67:335–42 [Google Scholar]
  289. Duverger E, Pellerin-Mendes C, Mayer R, Roche AC, Monsigny M. 1995. Cell Sci. 108:1325–32 [Google Scholar]
  290. Smith MR, Greene WC. 1992. Virology 187:316–20 [Google Scholar]
  291. Hall MN, Hereford L, Herskowitz I. 1984. Cell 36:1057–65 [Google Scholar]
  292. Hall MN, Craik C, Hiraoka Y. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6954–68 [Google Scholar]
  293. Silver PA, Keegan LP, Ptashne M. 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:5951–55 [Google Scholar]
  294. Standiford DM, Richter JD. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:991–1002 [Google Scholar]
  295. De la Luna S, Burden MJ, Lee CW, La Thangue NB. 1996. J. Cell Sci. 109:2443–52 [Google Scholar]
  296. Booher RN, Alfa CE, Hyams JS, Beach DH. 1989. Cell 58:485–97 [Google Scholar]
  297. Deane R, Schäfer W, Zimmermann HP, Mueller L, Görlich D. et al. 1997. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:5087–96 [Google Scholar]
  298. Yaseen NR, Blobel G. 1997. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4451–56 [Google Scholar]
  299. Meyer BE, Meinkoth JL, Malim MH. 1996. J. Virol. 70:2350–59 [Google Scholar]
  300. Meier UT, Blobel G. 1992. Cell 70:127–38 [Google Scholar]
  301. Kambach C, Mattaj IW. 1994. J. Cell Sci. 107:1807–16 [Google Scholar]
  302. Romac JM, Graff DH, Keene JD. 1994. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:462–70 [Google Scholar]
  303. Klein Gunnewiek JMT, van Aarssen Y, van der Kemp A, Nelissen R, Pruijn GJM, van Venrooij WJ. 1997. Exp. Cell Res. 235:265–73 [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
Loading
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265
Loading

Data & Media loading...

  • Article Type: Introduction
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error